The current study was carried in the college of Veterinary Medicine-University of
Basrah for observing the histological and ultrastructural of the kidney in one-humped
camel. In this study 10 adult healthy kidneys of one-humped camel bought from
slaughterhouse of Al-Samawah city, (2-3) years in summer (2020). The histological
study include 5 kidneys investigated by using histological methods, the samples were
fixed with 10% formaldehyde solution. Three stains were used H&E, PAS and Mallory.
Five kidneys were used for ultrastructural study, samples were then processed for
ultrastructural technique. The histological examination show that high number of long
loops of Henle and vasa recta in the kidney and the density percentage of renal
corpuscles more in the midcortical region than in a juxtamedullary region and the
diameter of renal corpuscle was nearly similar in midcortical and in juxtamedullary
region. The nephron was investigated by transmission electron microscopy is unique in
having thick basal lamina, the thickest being found in part of the parietal layer of
Bowman, s capsule and the thin loop of Henle. The characteristics above showed that
the one – humped camel ͗s kidney possessed a high reabsorption and hence promoting
the production of high concentrated urine. The current study was aimed to report some
of the histological and ultrastruchural characteristics of the kidney in normal state to
provide basic data which will utilized in the other studies.